2^nd International Conference on Coastal Zones July 17-18, 2017 Melbourne, Australia

Coastal areas include continental shelf, slope and estuaries and their processes. Study on wave and their hydrodynamic modelling helps in sedimentation and navigational process of comprehensive sediment management. It involves Coastal oceanography and lagoons in Investigating seashore deposits, shoreline changes. Conservation in marine eco systems, coastal morphology helps in protecting the marine habitats and future survival. the quantitative approach helps to build a solid understanding of wave and current processes that shape coastlines globally. The resulting processes of erosion, transport and deposition and the features they create. From sandy beaches to coral reefs, the major coastal features are related to contemporary processes and to sea-level changes over the past 25 000 years

Coastal life is comfortable, relaxed and unfussy, and interiors in this style reflect that mood. They're loosely arranged and casually outfitted—no finicky fabrics or fine furnishings. Textiles and surface materials are simple, natural, and durable; clear blues, sea greens, creamy whites, and beiges call to mind the hues of sand and water. Nautical and beach accents, such as shells, coral, and sea creatures, lighten up the look in an entirely appropriate way. Coastal living means so much more than just a waterfront location – what’s living near the beach, you take advantage of all the great things a beach town has to offer . So many tourism companies providing with the facilities, that you feel the Bayside and Seaside communities having their own specialty bait and tackle, fishing in the bay or ocean. or just plain relaxing.

A coastal zone is the interface between the land and water. These zones are important because a majority of the world's population inhabit such zones. Coastal zones are continually changing because of the dynamic interaction between the oceans and the land. Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion and techniques that allow erosion to claim land. Any activity taking place in the coastal zone, which has a specific purpose. It includes Management for nature conservation, Management of recreational activity, Habitat and species restoration.  Coastal management will be aimed primarily at local government, which is responsible for managing large areas of public coastal land and beaches, and preserving the qualities and amenity that make many of these areas so precious. State Government, Traditional Owners, national and state marine park managers, port authorities, and operators who manage specialist areas of the coast and tidal water, will also find the policies and supporting information useful in guiding management decisions about activities and resources in the coastal zones.

The understanding of complex port requirements for commercial ports, mining and hydrocarbons industries, allows delivering integrated and cost effective solutions. These solutions integrate the marine, product handling and storage requirements within environmental, coastal and geotechnical settings to deliver long term, cost effective and efficient solutions. To ensure that structures have minimal impact on the coastal environment and are kept in good condition, Planning Design & Construction of Ports & Marinas is essential. Coastal and Maritime Engineering Companies  and the activities involves Port Navigation Systems, Dredging, Mining & Monitoring, Deep Water Terminals, Designing and Planning Coastal Infrastructure, Desalination & Water Treatment Technologies. Remote Sensing  &  GIS and Maritime Meteorology with planning and strategy of the structures. Maritime archaeology deals with the submerged or damaged structures and monuments along the coastal regions.

While there is general recognition that coastal tourism and recreation are important in the coastal zone, we believe that their impact is systematically undervalued both economically and as the most important driver of coastal development. Recreation in terms of developing Tourism and Infrastructure and aquaculture which improves the Nation’s Economy by planning and beach design is of prime importance. Petroleum Industry is majorly engaged with coastal zones. Coral reef resources are also another focused sector in outcome of natural resources. While engaging in the development of these areas, the risk reduction and land use planning have to be considered in terms of natural life forms and investigation of coastal environmental impact simultaneously predicting Environmental variations. sustainable development of coastal tourism depends on a number of factors, including: Good coastal management practices, especially related to location of infrastructure and provision of public access; Clean air and water, and healthy ecosystems; Maintenance of a safe and secure recreational environment, specifically relating to management of hazards, and provision of adequate levels of safety for boaters, swimmers and other recreational users; Beach restoration, including beach nourishment and other efforts that maintain and enhance the recreational and amenity values of beaches

Coastal and marine spatial planning or marine planning is a science-based tool that regions can use to address specific ocean management challenges and advance their goals for economic development and conservation. Just as federal agencies work with states, tribes, local governments, and others to manage forests, grasslands, and other areas, they also can use marine planning to coordinate activities among all coastal and ocean interests and provide the opportunity to share information. This process is designed to decrease user conflict, improve planning and regulatory efficiencies, decrease associated costs and delays, engage affected communities and stakeholders, and preserve critical ecosystem functions and services.

The sustainability of coastal tourism destinations depends partly on their ability to adapt planning and management practices to the impacts of climate change and also to increase their ability to effectively manage natural disasters. Climate change could affect coastal areas in a variety of ways. Coasts are sensitive to sea level rise, changes in the frequency and intensity of storms, increases in precipitation, and warmer ocean temperatures. Climate change may require new approaches to managing land, water, waste, and ecosystems. Climate change will likely bring heavier rainfall and more precipitation to some coastal areas. Coastal zones and the infrastructure are the areas directly impacted by Tsunamis and the climatic change. There should be a Hazard assessment planning and information on Tsunamis, storm surges like cyclones, Hurricanes and typhoons. Geography and remote sensing plays a key role in analysing the impact and recovery from coastal revetment on tsunami run-up, Ecological restoration and simulation by reproducing storm surges. Increase the operational capacity of local communities in coastal tourism destinations to respond in emergencies caused by natural disasters; support the adaptation efforts of these communities to climate change; and reduce the impacts of natural disasters to local communities in coastal tourism destinations.

To encourage coastal areas to develop and implement coastal resource management plans, national policy would be established to preserve, protect, develop, and where possible, restore or enhance, the resources of the Country's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations. Collating and analysing for water quality information to propose draft water quality guidelines and objectives at a regional level for freshwater estuarine and coastal waters, and for site specific locations in streams and certain estuaries and coastal segments. To review progress toward implementation of Strategy objectives and to facilitate and drive further implementation of outstanding objectives. The discharge of sewage from certain boats into Coastal waters should be controlled by a directive.

To ensure that structures have minimal impact on the coastal environment and are kept in good condition, Planning Design & Construction of Ports & Marinas Is essential. Coastal and Maritime Engineering involves with Port Navigation Systems, Dredging, Mining & Monitoring, Deep Water Terminals, Designing and Planning Coastal Infrastructure, Desalination & Water Treatment Technologies. Remote Sensing & GIS and Maritime Meteorology involves with planning and strategy of the structures existed with maritime archaeology deals with the submerged or damaged structures and monuments along the coastal regions.

Marine Ecology is the scientific study of marine-life habitat, populations, and interactions among organisms and the surrounding environment including their abiotic (non-living physical and chemical factors that affect the ability of organisms to survive and reproduce) and biotic factors (living things or the materials that directly or indirectly affect an organism in its environment). The study of marine ecology also includes the influence of geology, geography, meteorology, pedology, chemistry, and physics on marine environments. 

Aquaculture, also known as Aqua farming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Broadly speaking, the relation of aquaculture to finfish and shellfish fisheries is analogous to the relation of agriculture to hunting and gathering. Mari culture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.

Marine pollution  occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. 80% of marine pollution comes from land. Air pollution is also a contributing factor by carrying off pesticides or dirt into the ocean. Land and air pollution have proven to be harmful to marine life and its habitats.

The most prominent areas to make investment that have vulnerable growth is the Coastal and Marine Industries division. Areas like Resource Exploitation-Fisheries, Oil & gas and Mining, Infrastructure-transportation, ports, harbours, shoreline protection works, Tourism and Recreation, Conservation Reserves and protection of biodiversity are the fields to challenge the world/Nations economy in future endeavours.