Coastal Zones

Biography

Biography: Dr Otto Sudarmadji

Abstract

World populations are becoming more concentrated in coastal areas and closer to the coastlines, including in deltaic regions. Many parts of the coasts, in addition to the existing permanent and intermittent wetland, have low elevation and hence very vulnerable to coastal erosion and inundation, particularly during high water level from rivers as well as during extreme high tide. Global warming and climate change that induces sea level rise will subsequently and incrementally give more frequent and severe undesirable flooding and increase erosion rate impacts which will cause risks on environmental damages and more particularly the human living. There are many studies to counter measure the negative unpleasant impacts in the forms of general conceptual designs. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2000) proposed three adaptive responses, i.e. retreat, accomodation and protection. The Eurosion Consortium which was managed by the Directorate General of Environment of the European Commission (Eurosion 2004) proposed the five generic policy options including do nothing, managed realignment, hold the line, move seaward, and limited intervention. Then coming the USACE (United States Army Corps of Engineers, 2008) concept with the four adaptive responses compose of accomodation, protection, beach nourishment, and retreat. This paper introduces and suggests the nine responses of Ongkosongo (2011) compose of practically do nothing, escape (give-up), business as usual, adaptation (accomodation), modification or adjustment, protection, confrontation (Dutch solution), nourishment (replenishment), and polder system, which to be more deeply discussed, analysed, and described.